Slovník výrazů a zkratek:
baseballový výraz
zkratka
český překlad a stručný popis
italská notace
výpočet
A
asistence (ang. assist)
A
asistence - polař spolupracuje při zahrání autu
A
at bat
AB
start na pálce - nezapočítávají se mety zdarma (BB), trefení (HP), sebeobětovací odpaly (SAC) a překážení zadáka (E2int)
AB
= PA - BB - HP - SF - SH - E2int
aut
PO
ukočení herní činnosti hráče útočícího družstva
average
AVG
viz. batting average
B
balk
BK
nesprávný pohyb nadhazovače - pohyb který není v souladu s pravidly, běžci postupují na další metu
BK
ball
špatný nadhoz viz. dobrý nadhoz
base on balls
BB
meta zdarma - celkem čtyřikrát umístil nadhazovač nadhoz mimo "strajk zónu", čímž umožnil pálkaři postoupit "zdarma" - bez odpalu na první metu
B
ve výpočtech včetně IBB
batting average
BA
pálkařský průměr - ukazuje na kvality pálkaře, čím vyšší tím lepší. Maximum 1,000 - odpálí každý stav na pálce; minimum .000
MB
= H / AB
běžec
ang. runner - pálkař, kterému se podařilo úspěšně dostáhnout první metu se stává běžcem - terminologický výraz
blue
rozhodčí - používán trenéry v MLB při jejich oslovování
bod
R
viz. doběh
P
bunt
BT
úlivka
C
chances
C
jinak i fielding - počet všech zákroků polaře
DTO
= PO + A + E
catcher
C
zadák
D
doběh
R
ang. run - to co v hokeji znamená gól, je v baseballu doběh. Útočící mužsto jej získá postupným získáním (proběhnutím) první, druhé, třetí a domácí mety
P
dobrý nadhoz
strike - nadhoz, který proletí nad domácí metou ve výšce mezi koleny a prsy pálkaře. Rozhoduje rozhodčí, který vše sleduje za zadákem. Pokud není nadhoz dobrý je špatný.
domácí meta
HP
ang. home plate - meta na kterou nadhazuje nadhazovač pálkařům. Pokud se jim podaří dostat na ni zpět, dříve než je zahrán třetí aut, získává útočíčí družstvo doběh.
double
zisk mistrovského titulu a vítezsví v poháru v jednom roce
double
2B
dvojmetový odpal
2B
double play
DP
dvojaut - vyautování dvou hráčů útočícího mužstva během jedné rozehry
DG
dugout
česky řečeno střídačky. V MLB to však znamená široké zázemí (šatny, masážní pulty, ...)
E
earned run
ER
umožněný doběh - takový doběh, kterému polři nemohli zabránit, tzn. neudělali žádnou chybu
PGL
earned run average
ERA
průměr umožněných doběhů za zápas - kolik by útočící tým udělal doběhů za zápas na daného nadhazovače, pokud by se hrálo bez chyb v poli
MPGL
= ER / IP x 9
error
E
chyba
E
F
fielding
F
všechny zákroky polaře v poli
DTO
= PO + A + E
fielding average
FA
polařský průměr
MD
= PO + A / F
G
game
G
zápas
PG
grand slam
čtyřbodový homerun - homerun při obsazených metách
H
hit
H
odpal
BV
hit by pitch
hit by ballHP, HB
trefení
DB
homerun
HR
"houmran", daleký odpal který opustí hřiště a jeho autor (pálkař) postupným oběhnutím všech met získává doběh - při obíhání met mu není bráněno hráči v obraně, protože míč opustil hrací plochu v
HR
Ch
chyba
E
error - nezpracovaný či špatně přihozený míč polařem
E
I
inning
směna
inning pitch
IP
nadhazovaná směna - směna ve ktreré nadhazovač házel (např. 5 1/3 oházel 5 směn a jeden aut)
RG
J
K
K
strike out
K
kráděž mety
SB
steal, stolen base - též. ukadená meta, bežci se podaří bez odpalu pálkaře získat další metu - označení útočné varianty
BR
L
lost
L
prohra - ve statiscice se přiděluje nadhazovači, který se nejvíce "zasloužil" o prohru týmu
LO
M
Major League Baseball
MLB
"hlavní liga baseballu" - doslovný překlad, obdoba NHL, NBA
N
O
obsazená meta
meta na které se v daném okamžiku nachází běžec
obsazené mety
také plné mety na všech metách (první, druhé a třetí se nacházejí běžci)
odpal
H
ang. hit - míč odpaléný pálaře a nezachycený bránícím mužstvem
on base percentage
OBP
úspěšnost postupu na první metu
MIB
= (H + BB +HP + OE) / (AB + BB + HP + SF+ OE) x 1000
on error
OE
pálkař získá metu na základě chyby polaře
opponets average
OAV
pálkařský průměr soupeřů - používá se ve statistice nadhazovačů a ukazuje jakým způsobem se dokáže vyrovnat s pálkaři
P
plné mety
viz. obsazené mety
polař
označení hráče v obraně, poli
put outs
PO
všechny auty zahrané polařem
O
Q
R
range factor
RNG
počet zákroků na zápas
= C / G
runs batted in
RBI
body stažené odpalem, jinak řečeno všichni běžci kteří doběhnou (udělají bod) na odpal pálkaře - používá se ve statistikách
PBC
runner
viz. běžec
S
sacrifice hit
SH
sebeobětovací úlivka
SH
save
S, SAV
střídající nadhazovač v závěru utkání čelil vyrovnávajícím bodům, ale přesto udržel vítězství
SA
slugging percentage
SLG
průměr met dosažených odpalem
MBB
= TB / AB x 1000
směna
část zápasu ve které se v obě družstva vystřídají jak v útoku a v obraně.
stolen base, steal
SB
krádež mety
BR
strike
dobrý nadhoz
strike out
SO, K
strajk aut - vyřazení (vyautování) pálkaře ze hry, třemi dobrými nadhozy
T
total bases
TB
mety získané odpalem celkem (hit = 1, double = 2, triple = 3, homerun = 4)
TB
= H + 2B + 2x3B + 3xHR
triple
trojaut - vyautování tří hráčů útočícího mužstva během jedné rozehry
triple
3B
trojmetový dopal
3B
trefení
HP, HB
hit by pitch, hit by ball - nadhazovač zasáhl svým nadhozem pálkaře, který tak postoupil na první metu
DB
U
ukradená meta
SB
viz. krádež mety
BR
úlivka
BT
bunt - náraz, pálkař se pokouší nadhoz pouze srazit do pole - jedna z možností útoku
V
W
wild pitch
WP
divoký nadhoz - nechytatelný nadhoz, míč který nemohl zadák s přiměřeným úsilým chytit
WP
win
W
vítězství - ve statiscice se přiděluje nadhaz ovači, který se nejvíce zasloužil o vítězství týmu
WO
Y
Z
zadák
catcher - taky chytač, polař bránící domácí metu a který chytá nadhozy od nadhazovače
zloděj
bežec, který provedl krádež mety
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